Corporations as Legal Entities in the New Criminal Code: How Are Corporations Held Criminally Responsible?
The enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (“New Criminal Code”) has brought fundamental changes to Indonesia’s criminal law system. One of the most significant changes is the recognition of corporations as subjects of criminal law. Whereas previously Indonesian criminal law was oriented towards individual/personal liability, the New Criminal Code explicitly...
Read MoreKorporasi sebagai Subjek Hukum dalam KUHP Baru: Bagaimana Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi?
Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“KUHP Baru”) memuat perubahan fundamental dalam sistem hukum pidana Indonesia. Salah satu perubahan paling signifikan adalah pengakuan korporasi sebagai subjek hukum pidana. Jika sebelumnya hukum pidana Indonesia berorientasi pada pertanggungjawaban individu/perorangan, dalam KUHP baru secara tegas mengadopsi paradigma bahwa badan hukum atau korporasi dapat...
Read MoreKUHAP 2025 Recognizes Electronic Evidence: How is it Authenticated?
The integration of electronic evidence in Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code (“KUHAP 2025”) reflects fundamental changes in the system of evidence in response to technological developments and patterns of digital crime. In this regard, KUHAP 2025 has normatively expanded the recognition that electronic information, electronic documents, and/or electronic systems are...
Read MoreKUHAP 2025 Mengakui Bukti Elektronik: Bagaimana Autentikasinya?
Integrasi alat bukti elektronik dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (”KUHAP 2025”) mencerminkan perubahan fundamental dalam sistem pembuktian terhadap perkembangan teknologi dan pola kejahatan digital. Dalam hal ini KUHAP 2025 secara normatif telah memperluas pengakuan bahwa informasi elektronik, dokumen elektronik, dan/atau sistem elektronik sebagai alat bukti yang sah dalam...
Read MoreFrom the Old Criminal Procedure Code to the New Criminal Procedure Code: A Comparative Analysis of the Criminal Evidence System
Law No. 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code reforms the criminal evidence system by reorganising the types, status and functions of evidence compared to the old Criminal Procedure Code. These updates include the recognition of electronic evidence and a conceptual shift in conventional evidence, including the expansion of witness and expert testimony from...
Read MoreDari KUHAP Lama ke KUHAP Baru: Analisis Perbandingan Sistem Pembuktian Pidana
Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang KUHAP mereformasi sistem pembuktian pidana dengan menata ulang jenis, kedudukan, dan fungsi alat bukti dibandingkan KUHAP lama. Pembaruan ini mencakup pengakuan bukti elektronik serta pergeseran konseptual alat bukti konvensional, antara lain perluasan keterangan saksi dan ahli sejak tahap awal, penguatan pembuktian surat, pembatasan keterangan terdakwa, dan penegasan barang bukti...
Read MoreAnnual Reporting Requirements for Joint Stock Companies after Ministerial Regulation No. 49/2025: What are the Implications for Companies?
A Limited Liability Company (“Companies”) is a legal entity in the form of a capital partnership established based on an agreement, conducting business activities with authorized capital divided into shares, as defined in Article 1 paragraph 1 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (“Law No. 40/2007”). The Law No. 40/2007 contains...
Read MoreKewajiban Laporan Tahunan Perseroan Persekutuan Modal Pasca Permenkum 49/2025: Bagaimana Implikasi Terhadap Perseroan?
Perseroan Terbatas (“PT”) merupakan badan hukum berbentuk persekutuan modal yang didirikan berdasarkan perjanjian, menjalankan kegiatan usaha dengan modal dasar yang terbagi dalam saham, sebagaimana didefinisikan dalam Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (“UU PT”). UU PT memuat pengaturan terkait aspek fundamental terkait perseroan, mulai dari pendirian, organ perseroan, pengelolaan,...
Read MoreBusiness License Revoked: Does Revocation of a Business License End the Existence of a Company?
In legal practice, business actors often interpret the revocation of a business license as the end of a company’s existence. Many directors, creditors, and business partners often assume that a company whose business license has been revoked no longer has legal entity status. This view is incorrect and inconsistent with the provisions of Law Number...
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